Quotes: happiness

Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, chapter 8: happiness, p.99-113

"Happiness is a positive emotion". 

"When pain stops, you are usually happy."

"In discussing each of the emotions, we have suggested that childhood experience leave their imprint, that personality may be shown in how each emotion is experienced." 

chapter 9 review: Sadness

Chapter 9 review: sadness

-         People are often sad because of losses. There is no physical pain from sadness; instead people suffer from loss, disappointment or hopelessness.

-         Sadness is a passive feeling

-         There are differences between distress and sadness

i.                Distress is usually caused by physical pain

ii.              Sadness usually follows distress, but they are still two separate emotions

iii.             Distress involves audible reactions, such as crying, whereas sadness is a more controlled and no active elements are visible

iv.             Usually sadness is more acceptable than distress for the person attempting to comfort. However, it doesn’t mean that sadness is better than distress for the person experiencing it.

v.              Distress is more obvious in appearance, thus more easier to ‘read’

-         The intensity of sadness

i.                   Mild sadness: being “blue” or gloomy

ii.                 Extreme sadness: mourning

iii.         Less intense sadness varies by the less apparent facial areas

-         Blending of sadness

i.                   Sadness most often blends with anger and fear

sadness (brows/forehead and eyes/upper eyelids) + disgust (mouth and lower eyelids) "Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.125" 

sadness(brows/eyes) + anger (mouth) 

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.124" 

sadness(brow/eyelids) + fear (mouth) 

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.122" 

-         Facial expression of sadness

i.                   The inner corners of the eyebrows are drawn up

ii.                 The Skin below the eyebrow is triangulated, with the inner corner up

iii.                The upper eyelid inner corner is raised

iv.                The corners of the lips are down or the lip is trembling (Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.126) 

Facial expression of sadness (Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.127) 

Quotes:Anger

Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, chapter 7, p.78-98

"People differ not only in terms of what makes them angry or what they do when they are anger but also in terms of how long it takes them to become angry."

"But when the blast of what blows in out ears,

Then imitate the action of the tiger:

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,

Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;

Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide,

Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit

To his full height! On, on, you noblest English." 

chapter 8 review: happiness

Chapter 8 review: Happiness

-Happiness is a positive emotion (fear, anger, disgust, and sadness are negative emotions. However surprise can be a negative or a positive emotion)

-Difference between happiness and pain

              i Pleasure is only a physical sensation, which opposes to the sensation of pain.

-Difference between happiness and excitement

              i Excitement can be considered as a different emotion

              ii The opposite of excitement is boredom

-Three types of happiness

              i When pain stops

              ii Relief happiness (pleasure-happiness or excitement-happiness)

              iii Self-concept. (something happens enhancing your view of yourself)

-Intensity of happiness

              Mild happy: smile or a broad grin

              Ecstasy or joy: laughter with tears (comes with particular experiences, such as certain jokes)

              Smile however, often occurs when someone is not happy, when they are trying to mask their real emotions

              The intensity of happiness is primarily determined by the position of the lips

intensity of happiness: the position of lips "Unmasking the face, Paul Ekman, p104" 

contempt (mouth)+happiness(lower eyelid and cheeks)

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.109"

surprise (brows/forehead and eyes) +happiness (lower face including lower eyelid)

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.108"

Fear (eyes and brow/forehead) + happiness

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.111" 

Anger+happiness 

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.110"

Facial expression of happiness

     "  -Corners of lips are drawn back and up

       -The mouth may or may not be parted, with teeth exposed or not

       -A wrinkle runs down from the nose to the outer edge beyond the lip corners

       -The cheeks are raised

       -The lower eyelid shows wrinkles below it, and may be raised but not tense." (Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.112) 

"Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.112" 

Quotes: disgust

'Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, Chapter 6"

"Disgust is a feeling of aversion."

"Contempt is a close relative of disgust, but it differs in some ways."

"Disgust usually involves getting-rid-of and getting-away-from responses. Removing the object or oneself from the object is the goal." 

Chapter 7 Review: Anger

Chapter 7 review: anger

Anger usually causes harm

Adults manage to control their anger, people also differ from the intensity of their anger:

              -Slow Burner

              -Short fused

              -Explosive

              -Hothead

              -Cool

Causes of Anger

              -Frustration

              -Physical or verbal attack

              -Physical threat

              -Someone’s action or statement, which causes you to feel psychologically hurt

              -Observing someone do something, which violates your morals

              -A person failure to reach your expectations, usually is a parent towards child

              -Another person’s anger directed to you

* The ones marked as red are not common

Physical phenomenon when angry

              -Blood pressure increases

              -The face may redden

              -The veins on the neck and forehead become more apparent

              -Breathing changes

              -Muscles tensed

People who can’t express the emotion anger usually has psychological illnesses

Intensity of Anger

              -Mild anger: slight irritation or annoyance

              -Extreme anger: rage or fury

Blend of anger

              -The blend of another emotion usually causes the anger expression unclear or being easily masked.

anger (lip press, tension on eyelids)+disgust(upper-lip raise, nose wrinkled, )

Unmasking the face, Paul Ekman, p.93

two types of anger+disgust

Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.94

anger(brow and eyes) + surprise(mouth)

Unmasking the Face, Paul Ekman, p.95

The appearance of anger:

            "  -The brows are lowered and drawn together

              -Vertical lines between the brows

              -The lower lid is tensed and may or may not be raised

              -The upper lip is tensed and may or may not be lowered by the actions of the brow

              -The eyes are a hard stare and may have a bulging appearance

              -The lips are in either of two basic positions: pressed or firmly together, with the corners straight or down; or open, tensed in a “squarish” shape as if shouting.

              -The nostrils may be dilated, but this is not essential to the anger facial expression and may also occur in sadness

              -There is ambiguity unless anger is registered in all three facial areas" (Unmasking the face, Paul Ekman, p95-97)